Glossary

print made from a plate with raised printing parts, so that incised parts (such made by knife, gouge, chisel or cutter) come out blank. The raised lines of the plate design i.e. the high places left standing, are covered with lithographic or printing ink, and put face down on a sheet of paper. Woodcut and linocut are relief prints.

printing technique, where printing parts (actual design) are raised, thus making a relief over the incised background. The ink is applied to the raised parts only, so that they produce the image at printing. This is the most ancient printing technique. Prints in woodcut and linocut are made this way.

(facsimile engraving) – engraving, serving merely to reproduce the works of art (painting and graphic).

steel tool used in metal engraving (mostly mezzotint). Has a form of a metal plate with wooden handle, its working end is rounded and covered  with small teeth. Rocker is used to create an evenly rough surface.

(French lavis – a wash drawing)  - a variety of aquatint, where acid is applied with a brush directly to the plate, thus producing wash drawing effect. Invented in the 18^th century by the French artist Jean Baptist Leprince. Wash manner is a printmaking process that employs any tonal intaglio technique or combination of tonal intaglio techniques in order to imitate the appearance of ink, wash, watercolor, gouache, or oil painting. These techniques may include aquatint, mezzotint, stipple, and tool work. In prints executed in a combination of techniques from multiple plates, it is virtually impossible to identify with confidence the specific techniques used. These prints may also include linear work executed in etching or engraving or both.

graver’s tool, used in crayon manner and for finishing in other techniques as well. Has the form of a steel wheel with many sharp thorns, fixed on a curved rod with handle. The graver rolls it on the surface of the plate, creating small dots and nicks.